THE ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF IMPACT OF AEROSOLS ON EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON INDEX AND ONSET     

沈新勇  黄文彦  陈宏波 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(4):357-367

RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.  相似文献   

黄山地区短时强降雨的地形增幅机制     

刘裕禄  杜其成  黄勇 《气象》2017,43(2):181-188

应用黄山地区191个地面自动观测站资料,统计分析了201 5年发生在黄山地区短时强降雨时空分布。统计发现:发生短时强降雨过程次数在午后及傍晚(14和18时)时段中明显增多;黄山山脉及其附近是短时强降雨多发生的中心地带,发生短时强降雨次数分布与山脉形态一致、和地形高度相关,短时强降雨与地形关系密切。分别利用三个典型个例分析了山脉地形动力阻拦和热力对短时强降雨的增幅作用,结果表明:(1)山脉地形迎风坡处因地形抬升速度与地面辐合线相配合降雨增强,水汽收支方法诊断计算降雨增量可达6成;(2)锋面过境山脉时垂直扰动增强水平位温梯度增大锋生,在背风坡处地面涡度、上升运动增强,导致降水增幅;(3)山脉西南区域因地面感热通量差异形成热低压,在该区域增暖增湿,大气不稳定增强,受冷平流影响形成强对流天气,导致山区降水增幅。  相似文献   

From ERS-1/2 to Sentinel-1: two decades of subsidence monitored through A-DInSAR techniques in the Ravenna area (Italy)     

Simone Fiaschi  Serena Tessitore  Roberta Bonì  Diego Di Martire  Vladimiro Achilli  Sven Borgstrom 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(3):305-328

Land subsidence due to underground resources exploitation is a well-known problem that affects many cities in the world, especially the ones located along the coastal areas where the combined effect of subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. In this study, 25 years of land subsidence affecting the Municipality of Ravenna (Italy) are monitored using Advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-DInSAR) techniques. In particular, the exploitation of the new Sentinel-1A SAR data allowed us to extend the monitoring period till 2016, giving a better understanding of the temporal evolution of the phenomenon in the area. Two statistical approaches are applied to fully exploit the informative potential of the A-DInSAR results in a fast and systematic way. Thanks to the applied analyses, we described the behavior of the subsidence during the monitored period along with the relationship between the occurrence of the displacement and its main driving factors.  相似文献   

BDS不同轨道卫星精密单点定位性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐光松  祝会忠  徐宗秋  唐龙江  杨康 《测绘科学》2017,(12):44-51

为了分析北斗不同轨道卫星对定位结果的影响,从而更好地利用我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统。该文采用亚太地区7个MGEX测站12d观测数据,进行静态、后处理动态和模拟实时动态3种模式的精密单点定位实验。实验结果表明,在北斗3类轨道卫星等权的情况下,倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星对定位结果贡献最大;北斗两类轨道卫星组合中,IGSO+MEO组合定位精度最高,其静态精密单点定位(PPP)在E、N、U方向的RMS分别为0.62、0.39、3.71cm,后处理动态和模拟实时动态PPP的RMS为分米级;北斗各类轨道卫星与GPS组合定位中,GPS+IGSO+MEO组合定位结果收敛速度最快,收敛时间为26.30min。  相似文献   

山东地壳运动速度场模型建立与分析     

徐杰  孟黎  国兆新 《测绘科学》2017,42(7)

建立高精度的地壳运动速度场模型是实现区域大地基准动态维持,反映地面形变,保障基础设施工程建设的重要途径。针对点位分布密集、精度可靠和多年连续重复观测等准确获取区域地壳运动速度场模型的关键问题,通过对山东及周边省份2010年1月—2015年11月连续近6a的130座连续运行参考站点在ITRF2008框架下进行处理,获取时间序列。首次完整建立了山东省地壳运动速度场模型。通过模型分析表明:水平方向,山东省地壳整体向东南方向运动,平均速率为34.3mm/a,运动方向为SE110.25°;垂直方向,鲁中山区及胶东半岛地区地壳较为稳定,鲁北、鲁西等华北平原地区存在显著沉降,最大沉降量位于广饶漏斗区,年沉降量81.6mm/a。  相似文献   

空中目标探测系统信号处理增益分析     

裘雪敬  沈海鸿  朱云龙  高超群  杨东凯 《测绘科学》2017,42(10)

针对利用全球导航卫星反射信号(GNSS-R)进行空中目标探测时,信号微弱无法可靠接收的问题,该文提出了一种计算信号处理增益的方法。通过合理设置信号处理算法参数,保证了对微弱信号的后续处理。首先对GNSS-R信号接收链路进行了分析,计算得到了当目标的雷达散射截面(RCS)变化时对应的目标回波功率范围;然后对空中目标上升、平飞和下降三种飞行状态双基地雷达系统几何模型进行了研究,给出了3种飞行状态下对应的有效探测时间,为接收机后续相干/非相干累加算法的处理时间提供阈值限制;最后在阈值范围内,选定合适相关时间,分析了经过相干/非相干累加处理后的反射信号输出信噪比范围。结果表明:在有效探测时间的限制下,相关处理时间取0.6s时,处理后的信噪比在10dB左右,满足一般码跟踪环所需的门限要求,可以保证接收机后续数据处理的顺利进行。  相似文献   

Estimated travel time for walking trails in natural areas     

Joaquín Márquez-Pérez  José I. Álvarez-Francoso 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(1):53-62

An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.  相似文献   

居民日常活动对扒窃警情时空格局的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宋广文  肖露子  周素红  龙冬平  周淑丽  刘凯 《地理学报》2017,72(2):356-367

扒窃现象与居民的日常活动有较强的关系,已有文献研究了不同活动场所对扒窃的影响,但鲜有考虑不同类型居民活动出行量及其场所对扒窃影响的时间差异。本文基于日常活动理论,以南方某大城市为例,以派出所为分析单元,利用居民入户调查问卷、兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）、扒窃报警数据,检验不同类型活动出行量与扒窃的时间相关性,并划分时间段,建立多个空间滞后负二项回归模型分析不同时段居民日常活动对应场所与扒窃的关系。研究发现,扒窃警情存在明显的时空集聚性,其中,凌晨和早上的集聚性最强,白天和晚上相对较弱;不同类型的日常活动对扒窃时空格局的作用存在差异。买菜活动出行量与扒窃的时间变化存在正相关关系,买菜场所在凌晨和早上容易吸引扒窃者;购物活动与扒窃亦存在较强的时间正相关,白天和晚上在购物场所附近被盗的风险较高;外出吃饭的出行量与扒窃行为无直接关系,但在凌晨和早上餐馆周边容易吸引扒窃者;娱乐活动与扒窃同样存在较强的时间正相关,不同类型的娱乐场所对扒窃的影响存在差异,电影院、酒吧在大部分时间段均会吸引犯罪者,凌晨时段KTV附近区域的被盗风险较高。场所对扒窃的影响主要与犯罪机会吸引（犯罪目标的丰富性、暴露性）及场所自身属性有关（是否为犯罪者的集聚地）。文中最后对时间地理学和犯罪地理学结合的可能性、研究的应用意义等方面进行了探讨。  相似文献   

黄土高原草地和农田生态系统碳滞留时间及固碳潜力   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭丁  李旭东  王静  傅华 《中国沙漠》2018,38(2):363-371

采用概率反演分析法估算黄土高原草地和农田生态系统各碳库滞留时间及固碳潜力。结果表明:除农田植物地上部分外,植物地上部分、地下部分、代谢性凋落物及土壤活性有机碳库滞留时间最短,为25~203d;惰性凋落物碳库滞留时间为2.4~3a;慢性有机碳库和惰性有机碳库滞留时间最长,分别为57.4~79.6a和593~598a。多年生草地的根系滞留时间显著高于农田;而农田代谢性凋落物碳库和慢性有机碳库的滞留时间显著高于草地。根据反演所得参数模拟,在当前气候和土壤条件下,农田和草地系统土壤有机碳在250a左右时达稳定状态,农田系统固碳潜力约为2 680g C·m^-2,草地约为3 130g C·m^-2。农田有机肥的输入能使土壤有机碳多固定4 000g C·m^-2。有机肥的输入及土壤有机碳周转缓慢使耕作农田比草地更有利于土壤有机碳积累。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yang Fu  Hui Chen  Huihui Niu  Siqi Zhang  Yi Yang 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(4):400-414

Based on TIMESAT 3.2 platform, MODIS NDVI data (2000–2015) of Qaidam Basin are fitted, and three main phenological parameters are extracted with the method of dynamic threshold, including the start of growth season (SGS), the end of growth season (EGS) and the length of growth season (LGS). The spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes are analyzed respectively. The conclusions are as follows: (1) SGS is mainly delayed as a whole. Areas delayed are more than the advanced in EGS, and EGS is a little delayed as a whole. LGS is generally shortened. (2) With the altitude rising, SGS is delayed, EGS is advanced, and LGS is shortened and phenophase appears a big variation below 3000 m and above 5000 m. (3) From 2000 to 2015, the temperature appears a slight increase along with a big fluctuation, and the precipitation increases evidently. (4) Response of phenophase to precipitation is not obvious in the low elevation humid regions, where SGS arrives early and EGS delays; while, in the upper part of the mountain regions, SGS delays and EGS advances with temperature rising, SGS arrives early and EGS delays with precipitation increasing.  相似文献